Difference between revisions of "Most abundant elements on Earth"

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== Twenty most abundant elements in Earth's crust ==
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Approximate figures for the twenty most abundant elements in the earth's crust:
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{|
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{{frame|text=Introduction|titlebarcol=#505FC8|titletextcol=white|framebgcol=white}}
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|width="150px" | '''Element'''|| width="80px" align = "right" | '''% mass'''
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| Oxygen|| align = "right" | 46.71
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| Silicon|| align = "right" | 27.69
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| Aluminum|| align = "right" | 8.07
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| Iron|| align = "right" | 5.05
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{{frame|text=Constituent elements of seawater|titlebarcol=#505FC8|titletextcol=white|framebgcol=white}}
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{{frame|text=Constituent elements of air|titlebarcol=#505FC8|titletextcol=white|framebgcol=white}}
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| Calcium|| align = "right" | 3.65
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| Sodium|| align = "right" | 2.75
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| Potassium|| align = "right" | 2.58
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| Magnesium|| align = "right" | 2.08
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| Titanium|| align = "right" | 0.62
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| Hydrogen|| align = "right" | 0.14
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| Phosphorus|| align = "right" | 0.13
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| Carbon|| align = "right" | 0.09
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| Manganese|| align = "right" | 0.09
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| Sulfur|| align = "right" | 0.05
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| Barium|| align = "right" | 0.05
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| Chlorine|| align = "right" | 0.05
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| Chromium|| align = "right" | 0.04
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| Fluorine|| align = "right" | 0.03
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| Zirconium|| align = "right" | 0.03
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| Nickel|| align = "right" | 0.02
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<font size=1>''Figures from http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Earth''<br>
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''Figures rounded to two decimal places''<br>
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''Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required''</font>
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== Constituent elements of seawater ==
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[[Image:Deep Blue Sea.jpg|right|200px|Seawater]]
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Approximate composition of seawater by mass:
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|width="150px" | '''Element'''|| width="80px" align="right" | '''% mass'''
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|Oxygen ||align = "right" | 85.7
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|Hydrogen ||align = "right" | 10.8
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|Chlorine ||align = "right" | 1.9
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|Sodium ||align = "right" | 1.05
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|Magnesium ||align = "right" | 0.14
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|Sulfur ||align = "right" | 0.09
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|Calcium ||align = "right" | 0.04
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|Potassium ||align = "right" | 0.04
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|Others ||align = "right" | Trace
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<font size=1>''figures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater''<br>
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''Need to find a definitive source for these figures''</font>
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== Constituent elements of air ==
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[[Image:Cloudy blue sky.jpg|right|200px|Sky]]
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Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:
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|width="150px" align = "left" | '''Element''' || width="80px" align = "right" |'''% vol'''
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|Nitrogen ||align = "right" | 78.08
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|Oxygen ||align = "right" | 20.95
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|Argon ||align = "right" | 0.93
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|Carbon ||align = "right" | < 0.01 <!-- see note on talk (discussion) page for working -->
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|Others ||align = "right" | trace
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|colspan=2 |<br>'''Not included in above dry atmosphere:'''
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|Water vapour <font size=1>''(variable)''</font> || align = "right" |typically 1% <!--need to do similar working on this (as with carbon above) to show as hydrogen-->
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<center><small><span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=purge}} <nowiki>[refresh]</nowiki>]</span></small></center>
  
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<font size=1>''Source: [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html NASA]''<br>
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== See also ==
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''Carbon dioxide updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/221.htm]. Figure for carbon extrapolated from this''<br>
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*[[Post-scarcity age]]
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''Edited text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere''</font><br>
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*[[Most abundant elements on Earth]]
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*[[Resources in space]]
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
  
 
*[[Fundamental resources]] of humanity
 
*[[Fundamental resources]] of humanity

Revision as of 22:22, 3 September 2006

edit  

Twenty most abundant elements in Earth's crust

Approx figures for the 20 most abundant elements in Earth's crust:

Earth's crust
Earth cutaway
Element  % mass
Oxygen 46.71
Silicon 27.69
Aluminum 8.07
Iron 5.05
Calcium 3.65
Sodium 2.75
Potassium 2.58
Magnesium 2.08
Titanium 0.62
Hydrogen 0.14
Phosphorus 0.13
Carbon 0.09
Manganese 0.09
Sulfur 0.05
Barium 0.05
Chlorine 0.05
Chromium 0.04
Fluorine 0.03
Zirconium 0.03
Nickel 0.02


Notable missing from top 20: Copper.
Carbon might replace copper for many electrical (and thermal) conduction applications - see [1], [2] and carbon nanotube 11px-Wikipedia_logo.jpg for further information. In September 2013, a proof-of-concept computer was built from carbon nanotubes [3]


Figures from [4]
Figures rounded to two decimal places
Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required
Element links in list point to element's Wikipedia article

edit  

Constituent elements of seawater

Approximate composition of seawater by mass:

Seawater
Element  % mass
Oxygen 85.7
Hydrogen 10.8
Chlorine 1.9
Sodium 1.05
Magnesium 0.14
Sulfur 0.09
Calcium 0.04
Potassium 0.04
Others Trace


Figures from [5]
Need to find definitive primary source
Element links in list point to Wikipedia article

edit  

Constituent elements of air

Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:

Sky
Element  % vol
Nitrogen 78.08
Oxygen 20.95
Argon 0.93
Carbon < 0.01
Others trace

Not included in above dry atmosphere:
Water vapour 11px-Wikipedia_logo.jpg (variable) ~1%


Source: NASA
Carbon dioxide updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [6]. Figure for carbon extrapolated from this
Edited text from [7]
Element links in list point to Wikipedia article

[refresh]

See also

See also

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