Difference between revisions of "Most abundant elements on Earth"

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(→‎Constituent elements of seawater)
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== Constituent elements of air ==
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== Most abundant elements in Earth's crust ==
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[[Image:Cloudy blue sky.jpg|right|250px|Sky]]
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[[Image:Pariah canyon.jpg|right|250px|Canyon]]
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Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:
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Approximate figures for the twenty most abundant elements in the earth's crust:
  
 
{|
 
{|
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!width="150px" align = "left" | '''Element'''
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|width="150px" | '''Element'''|| '''%age of crust'''
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!align = "left" |'''%age by volume'''
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|-
 
|-
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|Nitrogen ||78.084
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| Oxygen|| 46.71
 
|-
 
|-
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|Oxygen ||20.946
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| Silicon|| 27.69
 
|-
 
|-
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|Argon ||0.9340
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| Aluminum|| 8.07
 
|-
 
|-
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|Carbon ||less than 0.01 <!--my working (which may be highly inaccurate!): carbon is a component of carbon dioxide - which is less than 0.036% of the atmosphere. Combined atomic mass of carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) is 44 (12 + (2*16)). So CO2 is 27.3% carbon by mass -- and 27.3% of 0.036 is approx 0.01. I know we are mixing volumes and masses here, but it is only to get an estimate-->
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| Iron|| 5.05
 
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|-
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|Others ||trace
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| Calcium|| 3.65
 
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|-
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|colspan=2 |<br>'''Not included in above dry atmosphere:'''
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| Sodium|| 2.75
 
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|-
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|Water vapour ||Highly variable but typically 1% <!--need to do similar working on this (as with carbon above) to show as hydrogen-->
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| Potassium|| 2.58
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|-
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| Magnesium|| 2.08
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|-
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| Titanium|| 0.62
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|-
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| Hydrogen|| 0.14
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|-
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| Phosphorus|| 0.13
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|-
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| Carbon|| 0.094
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| Manganese|| 0.09
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| Sulfur|| 0.052
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| Barium|| 0.05
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| Chlorine|| 0.045
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|-
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| Chromium|| 0.035
 
|}
 
|}
  
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<font size=1>''Source: [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html NASA]''<br>
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<font size=1>''Figures from http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Earth (figures by mass or volume?)''
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''Carbon dioxide updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/221.htm]''<br>
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''Edited text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere''</font><br>
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''Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required''</font>
  
 
== Constituent elements of seawater ==
 
== Constituent elements of seawater ==
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''Need to find a definitive source for these figures''</font>
 
''Need to find a definitive source for these figures''</font>
  
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== Most abundant elements in Earth's crust ==
+
== Constituent elements of air ==
−
[[Image:Pariah canyon.jpg|right|250px|Canyon]]
+
[[Image:Cloudy blue sky.jpg|right|250px|Sky]]
−
Approximate figures for the twenty most abundant elements in the earth's crust:
+
Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:
  
 
{|
 
{|
−
|width="150px" | '''Element'''|| '''%age of crust'''
+
!width="150px" align = "left" | '''Element'''
 +
!align = "left" |'''%age by volume'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Oxygen|| 46.71
+
|Nitrogen ||78.084
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Silicon|| 27.69
+
|Oxygen ||20.946
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Aluminum|| 8.07
+
|Argon ||0.9340
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Iron|| 5.05
+
|Carbon ||less than 0.01 <!--my working (which may be highly inaccurate!): carbon is a component of carbon dioxide - which is less than 0.036% of the atmosphere. Combined atomic mass of carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) is 44 (12 + (2*16)). So CO2 is 27.3% carbon by mass -- and 27.3% of 0.036 is approx 0.01. I know we are mixing volumes and masses here, but it is only to get an estimate-->
 
|-
 
|-
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| Calcium|| 3.65
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|Others ||trace
 
|-
 
|-
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| Sodium|| 2.75
+
|colspan=2 |<br>'''Not included in above dry atmosphere:'''
 
|-
 
|-
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| Potassium|| 2.58
+
|Water vapour ||Highly variable but typically 1% <!--need to do similar working on this (as with carbon above) to show as hydrogen-->
−
|-
+
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| Magnesium|| 2.08
+
−
|-
+
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| Titanium|| 0.62
+
−
|-
+
−
| Hydrogen|| 0.14
+
−
|-
+
−
| Phosphorus|| 0.13
+
−
|-
+
−
| Carbon|| 0.094
+
−
|-
+
−
| Manganese|| 0.09
+
−
|-
+
−
| Sulfur|| 0.052
+
−
|-
+
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| Barium|| 0.05
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−
|-
+
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| Chlorine|| 0.045
+
−
|-
+
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| Chromium|| 0.035
+
 
|}
 
|}
  
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<font size=1>''Figures from http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Earth (figures by mass or volume?)''
+
<font size=1>''Source: [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html NASA]''<br>
−
 
+
''Carbon dioxide updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/221.htm]''<br>
−
''Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required''</font>
+
''Edited text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere''</font><br>

Revision as of 01:12, 2 December 2005

Most abundant elements in Earth's crust

Canyon

Approximate figures for the twenty most abundant elements in the earth's crust:

Element %age of crust
Oxygen 46.71
Silicon 27.69
Aluminum 8.07
Iron 5.05
Calcium 3.65
Sodium 2.75
Potassium 2.58
Magnesium 2.08
Titanium 0.62
Hydrogen 0.14
Phosphorus 0.13
Carbon 0.094
Manganese 0.09
Sulfur 0.052
Barium 0.05
Chlorine 0.045
Chromium 0.035

Figures from http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Earth (figures by mass or volume?)

Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required

Constituent elements of seawater

Seawater

Approximate composition of seawater by mass:

Element %age by mass
Oxygen 85.7
Hydrogen 10.8
Chlorine 1.9
Sodium 1.05
Magnesium 0.1350
Sulfur 0.0885
Calcium 0.04
Potassium 0.0380
Others Trace

figures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater

Need to find a definitive source for these figures

Constituent elements of air

Sky

Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:

Element %age by volume
Nitrogen 78.084
Oxygen 20.946
Argon 0.9340
Carbon less than 0.01
Others trace

Not included in above dry atmosphere:
Water vapour Highly variable but typically 1%

Source: NASA
Carbon dioxide updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [1]
Edited text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere

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