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| − | == Constituent elements of air ==
| + | #redirect [[material]] |
| − | [[Image:Cloudy blue sky.jpg|right|250px|Sky]] | + | |
| − | Approximate composition of dry atmosphere by volume:
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| − | | + | |
| − | {|
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| − | !width="150px" align = "left" | '''Element'''
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| − | !align = "left" |'''%age by volume'''
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| − | |-
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| − | |Nitrogen ||78.084
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| − | |-
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| − | |Oxygen ||20.946
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| − | |-
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| − | |Argon ||0.9340
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| − | |-
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| − | |Carbon ||less than 0.01 <!--my working (which may be highly inaccurate!): carbon is a component of carbon dioxide - which is less than 0.036% of the atmosphere. Combined atomic mass of carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) is 44 (12 + (2*16)). So CO2 is 27.3% carbon by mass -- and 27.3% of 0.036 is approx 0.01. I know we are mixing volumes and masses here, but it is only to get an estimate-->
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| − | |-
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| − | |Others ||trace
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| − | |-
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| − | |colspan=2 |<br>'''Not included in above dry atmosphere:'''
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| − | |-
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| − | |Water vapour ||Highly variable but typically 1% <!--need to do similar working on this (as with carbon above) to show as hydrogen-->
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| − | |}
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| − | <font size=1>''Source: [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html NASA]''<br>
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| − | ''Carbon dioxide and methane updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/221.htm]''<br>
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| − | ''Edited text from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere''</font><br>
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| − | | + | |
| − | == Constituent elements of seawater ==
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| − | [[Image:Deep Blue Sea.jpg|right|250px|Seawater]]
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| − | Approximate composition of seawater by element:
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| − | | + | |
| − | {|
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| − | |width="150px" | '''Element'''|| '''%age by mass'''
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| − | |-
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| − | |Oxygen ||85.7
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| − | |-
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| − | |Hydrogen ||10.8
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| − | |-
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| − | |Chlorine ||1.9
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| − | |-
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| − | |Sodium ||1.05
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| − | |-
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| − | |Magnesium ||0.1350
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| − | |-
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| − | |Sulfur ||0.0885
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| − | |-
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| − | |Calcium ||0.04
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| − | |-
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| − | |Potassium ||0.0380
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| − | |-
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| − | |Bromine ||0.0065
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| − | |-
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| − | |Carbon ||0.0026
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| − | |-
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| − | |Others ||Trace
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| − | |}
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| − | <font size=1>''figures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater''
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| − | | + | |
| − | ''Need to find a definitive source for these figures''</font>
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| − | | + | |
| − | == Most abundant elements in Earth's crust ==
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| − | [[Image:Pariah canyon.jpg|right|250px|Canyon]]
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| − | Approximate figures for the twenty most abundant elements in the earth's crust:
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| − | | + | |
| − | {|
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| − | |width="150px" | '''Element'''|| '''%age of crust'''
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| − | |-
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| − | | Oxygen|| 46.71
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| − | |-
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| − | | Silicon|| 27.69
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| − | |-
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| − | | Aluminum|| 8.07
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| − | |-
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| − | | Iron|| 5.05
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| − | |-
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| − | | Calcium|| 3.65
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| − | |-
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| − | | Sodium|| 2.75
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| − | |-
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| − | | Potassium|| 2.58
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| − | |-
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| − | | Magnesium|| 2.08
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| − | |-
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| − | | Titanium|| 0.62
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| − | |-
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| − | | Hydrogen|| 0.14
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| − | |-
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| − | | Phosphorus|| 0.13
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| − | |-
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| − | | Carbon|| 0.094
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| − | |-
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| − | | Manganese|| 0.09
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| − | |-
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| − | | Sulfur|| 0.052
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| − | |-
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| − | | Barium|| 0.05
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| − | |-
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| − | | Chlorine|| 0.045
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| − | |-
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| − | | Chromium|| 0.035
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| − | |}
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| − | | + | |
| − | <font size=1>''Figures from http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp?s=Earth (figures by mass or volume?)''
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| − | | + | |
| − | ''Also need to have a list based on ease of extraction and energy required''</font>
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